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NASA-2 Biographies

Shannon Lucid Biography

NAME: Shannon W. Lucid (Ph.D.) NASA Astronaut

PERSONAL DATA: Born January 14, 1943, in Shanghai, China, but considers Bethany, Oklahoma, to be her hometown. Married to Michael F. Lucid of Indianapolis, Indiana. They have two daughters and one son. She enjoys flying, camping, hiking, and reading. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph O. Wells, are deceased.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Bethany High School, Bethany, Oklahoma, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in chemistry from the University of Oklahoma in 1963, and master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma in 1970 and 1973, respectively.

SPECIAL HONORS: The recipient of numerous awards, Dr. Lucid most recently was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor by the President of the United States. She is the first and only woman to have earned this prestigious award. Dr. Lucid was also awarded the Order of Friendship Medal by Russian President Boris Yeltsin. This is one of the highest Russian civilian awards and the highest award that can be presented to a non-citizen.

EXPERIENCE: Dr. Lucids experience includes a variety of academic assignments, such as teaching assistant at the University of Oklahomas Department of Chemistry from 1963 to 1964; senior laboratory technician at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation from 1964 to 1966; chemist at Kerr-McGee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1966 to 1968; graduate assistant at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Centers Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from 1969 to 1973; and research associate with the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, from 1974 until her selection to the astronaut candidate training program.

Dr. Lucid is a commercial, instrument, and multi-engine rated pilot.

NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Dr. Lucid became an astronaut in August 1979. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on Space Shuttle flight crews. Some of her technical assignments have included: the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); the Flight Software Laboratory, in Downey, California, working with the rendezvous and proximity operations group; Astronaut Office interface at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, participating in payload testing, Shuttle testing, and launch countdowns; spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) in the JSC Mission Control Center during numerous Space Shuttle missions; Chief of Mission Support; Chief of Astronaut Appearances.

A veteran of five space flights, Dr. Lucid has logged 5,354 hours (223 days) in space. She served as a mission specialist on STS-51G (June 17-24, 1985), STS-34 (October 18-23, 1989), STS-43 (August 2-11, 1991), STS-58 (October 18 to November 1, 1993), and most recently served as a Board Engineer 2 on Russias Space Station Mir (launching March 22, 1996 aboard STS-76 and returning September 26, 1996 aboard STS-79).

Dr. Lucid holds an international record for the most flight hours in orbit by any non-Russian, and holds the record for the most flight hours in orbit by any woman in the world.

STS-51G Discovery (June 17-24, 1985) was a 7-day mission during which crew deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar). They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. In addition, the crew activated the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), six Getaway Specials, and participated in biomedical experiments. The mission was accomplished in 112 orbits of the Earth, traveling 2.5 million miles in 169 hours and 39 minutes. Landing was at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), California.

STS-34 Atlantis (October 18-23, 1989) was a 5-day mission during which the deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space. The mission was accomplished in 79 orbits of the Earth, traveling 1.8 million miles in 119 hours and 41 minutes. Landing was at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

STS-43 Atlantis (August 2-11, 1991) was a nine-day mission during which the crew deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E). The crew also conducted 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. The mission was accomplished in 142 orbits of the Earth, traveling 3.7 million miles in 213 hours, 21 minutes, 25 seconds. STS-43 Atlantis was the eighth Space Shuttle to land at KSC).

STS-58 Columbia (October 18 to November 1, 1993). This record duration fourteen-day mission was recognized by NASA management as the most successful and efficient Spacelab flight flown by NASA. The STS-58 crew performed neurovestibular, cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and musculoskeletal medical experiments on themselves and 48 rats, expanding our knowledge of human and animal physiology both on Earth and in space flight. In addition, they performed 16 engineering tests aboard the Orbiter Columbia and 20 Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project experiments. The mission was accomplished in 225 orbits of the Earth, traveling 5.8 million miles in 336 hours, 13 minutes, 01 seconds. Landing was at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

In completing this flight Dr. Lucid logged 838 hours, 54 minutes in space making her Americas female space traveler with the most hours in space. Dr. Lucid currently holds the United States single mission space flight endurance record on the Russian Space Station Mir.

Following a year of training in Star City, Russia, her journey started with liftoff at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on March 22, 1996 aboard STS-76 Atlantis. Following docking, she transferred to the Mir Space Station. Assigned as a Board Engineer 2, she performed numerous life science and physical science experiments during the course of her stay aboard Mir. Her return journey to KSC was made aboard STS-79 Atlantis on September 26, 1996. In completing this mission Dr. Lucid traveled 75.2 million miles in 188 days, 04 hours, 00 minutes, 14 seconds.

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Yuri Onufriyenko Biography

NAME: Yuri Ivanovich Onufriyenko Colonel, test cosmonaut. Resides in Star City.

PERSONAL DATA: February 6, 1961 in Ryasnoe, Zolochev district, Kharkov region, Ukraine. Married to Valentina Mikhailovna Onufriyenko (nee Ryabovol). Two sons and one daughter. His parents are deceased. He has two older brothers. He enjoys tennis, cooking, fishing, chess, and flying.

EDUCATION: Graduated from the V.M. Komarov Eisk Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots in 1982 with a pilot-engineer's diploma. Graduated from Moscow State University in 1994 with a degree in cartography.

HONORS: Hero of Russia. Awarded two Armed Forces medals. He was also named a Chevalier in the French Honor Legion

EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from aviation school, he served as a pilot and senior pilot in the Air Force. In 1989, he was appointed to the position of cosmonaut candidate at the Cosmonaut Training Center. From September 1989 to January 1991, he underwent a course of general space training. Starting April 1991, he underwent training as a member of a group of test cosmonauts. Starting March 1994, he entered flight training to be the commander of the stand-by crew of the Mir-18 expedition aboard the Soyuz-TM-21 transport vehicle and the Mir Station as part of the Mir-Shuttle program.

He has over 800 flight hours and has flown the L-29, SU-7, SU-17 (M1-4), and L-39.

From February 21 to September 2, 1996, he served as Commander on Mir-21. One month later, he and Yuri Usachev were joined by NASA's Shannon Lucid. During Mir-21 he performed numerous research experiments, an participated in six EVAs. He and Yuri Usachev were joined by French cosmonaut Claudie Andre-Deshays after the departure of Shannon Lucid. Altogether, he has logged 193 days in space. Currently, he is in training for the fourth ISS mission with Carl Walz and Dan Bursch.

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Yury Usachev Biography

NAME: Yury Vladimirovich Usachev Cosmonaut. Resides in Star City.

PERSONAL DATA: Born October 9, 1957 in Donetsk, Rostov on Don Region, Russia. Married to Vera Sergeevna Usacheva (nee Nazarova) of Kalingrad, Moscow region. They have one daughter, Zhenya. His mother, Anna Grigorevna Usacheva resides in Donetsk. His father is deceased. He has a brother, 5 years older, and a sister, 5 minutes older. He enjoys photography and video production.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Donetsk Public Schools in 1975. Graduated from Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering diploma, in 1985.

HONORS: Awarded both the Hero of the Russian Federation and the Pilot/Cosmonaut medals after his first space flight in 1994. After his second flight, in 1996, he was awarded the Order of Service to the Country, Level III. He was also named a Chevalier in the French Honor Legion. NASA awarded him the NASA medal for Public Service, and a NASA Space Flight Medal.

EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from the Aviation Institute, he went to work for Energia, participating in groups working with EVA training, future construction in space, public relations, and ergonomics. In 1989, he was appointed to the position of cosmonaut candidate at the Cosmonaut Training. From 1989 to 1992, he underwent a course of general space training. He was a member of the back-up crew for the Mir-13, 14, and 19 missions. From January 8, 1994 to July 9, 1994, he served as Board Engineer on Space Station Mir. From February 21 to September 2, 1996, he again served as Board Engineer Mir-21. One month later, he and Yuri Onufrienko were joined by NASAs Shannon Lucid. Most recently, he served on the crew of STS-101, the third Shuttle mission devoted to International Space Station (ISS) construction. Altogether, he has logged over 385 days in space and has participated in 6 EVAs.

Usachev is currently living and working aboard the Internatinal Space Station. The Expedition-2 crew launched on March 8, 2001 aboard STS-102 Discovery and successfully docked with the station on March 9, 2001. The crew is scheduled to spend approximately 4 months aboard the station. They will return to Earth on the Shuttle flight delivering the third Expedition crew.

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Claudie André-Deshays Biography

European Space Agency (ESA) Astronaut Claudie André-Deshays was born May 13, 1957 in Le Creusot, France.

Education: Graduation from Faculté de Médecine (PARIS-Cochin) and Faculté des Sciences (PARIS-VII). 1981: M. D. Rheumatologist, specialist in Aviation and Space Medicine. Certificates: (Certificat d'Etudes Spécialisées -CES) in biology and sports medicine (1981), aviation and space medicine (1982), and rheumatology (1984). In 1986 diploma (Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies - DEA) in biomechanics and physiology. Doctoral thesis Ph.D in Neurosciences in 1992.

Organizations: Honor Member of the Société Francaise de Médecine Aéronautique et Spatiale, Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), Honor Member and Administrateur of AAAF, Member of the ANAE (Académie de l'Air et de l'Espace)

Special Honors: "Chevalier de la Légion dHonneur" and "Chevalier de lOrdre National du Mérite". Different steps of the Russian "Order of Friendship" in recognition of her long and successful involvement in French-Russian space cooperation, and the Russian "Medal of Personal Courage".

Experience: From 1984 to 1992, she worked at the Rheumatology Clinic and the Readaptation Service of the Cochin hospital in Paris: research and application of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in rheumatology and sports traumatology.

From 1985 to 1990, she also worked at the Neurosensorial Physiology Laboratory of CNRS in Paris. She was involved in development and preparation of scientific experiments in the field of human physiology, in particular with the experiments "Physalie" and "Viminal" integrated into the French-Soviet mission "Aragatz" to the MIR station in 1988, with Jean-Loup Chrétien aboard the MIR station. Her research topics were human adaptation of motor and cognitive systems in weightlessness.

André-Deshays was selected as French astronaut candidate in 1985 by CNES.

From 1990 1992, André-Deshays was responsible for French and international space physiology and medicine programmes within CNESs Life Sciences division in Paris.

From 1989 to 1992, she was responsible for scientific coordination of the life sciences experiments aboard the French-Russian" Antarès" mission, which took place in 1992. She regularly participated in parabolic flight campaigns aboard the Zero-G Caravelle.

In October 1992, she was assigned back-up cosmonaut to Jean-Pierre Haigneré for the French-Russian "Altair" mission from July 1-22, 1993. During this mission, she was responsible for monitoring the biomedical experiments as member of the ground team at the Mission Control Centre in Kaliningrad, near Moscow.

Since September 1993, she was responsible for the coordination of the scientific programme of the French-Russian mission "Cassiopée" scheduled for 1996, as well as for the French experiments aboard the ESA Mission EUROMIR 94.

In December 1994, Claudie André-Deshays was assigned for the "Cassiopée" mission as "research cosmonaut" and took up training in Star City near Moscow on January 1, 1995. The 16 days mission took place from August 17 September 2, 1996.

In 1997, she worked in Moscow as the French representative of the space oriented, French russian STARSEM company.

In May 1998, André-Deshays was selected as back-up for Jean-Pierre Haigneré for the French-Russian mission "Perseus" to MIR in February 1999. She performed training on EVA and obtained the qualification of "cosmonaut engineer" both for the Soyuz vehicle and the MIR space station. During the mission, she was the crew interface coordinator in the Mission Control Center in Koroliev.

In July 1999 she received the qualification as "Soyuz Return Commander" (first female astronaut in this position), which qualifies her to command a three-person Soyouz capsule during its return from space.

Spaceflight Experience: From August 17 - September 2, 1996 she participated in the Cassiopée mission during which she performed a great number of experiments in the field of Life Sciences (physiology and developmental biology), fluid physics and technology. After the successful completion of mission, she participated in many scientific workshops and conferences thus contributing to further enhancement of data analysis and preparations of scientific programs of future projects.